Counseling Theories Practice Test

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• Which Erikson stage emphasizes forming intimate relationships in adulthood?
• In Adlerian therapy, what does the avoidance trap refer to?
• Personalization in CBT is described as?
• Which phase is described as monitoring behavior and thoughts?
• Which term is defined as the blend of the sum of all our activities that forms our personality and the person we have become?
• Which is a contribution of CBT?
• Who is credited as the founder of Gestalt theory?
• Which statement aligns with the material on the founder of Gestalt theory?
• Which term describes the unconscious motivation regarding early experiences influencing present behavior according to psychoanalytic theory?
• Behavior theory is described as effective on short-term and adaptable to diverse populations. Which option reflects this?
• Systematic desensitization is best described as a procedure to reduce anxiety through gradual exposure.
• In the framework presented, identity and total behavior are described as aspects of which context?
• Which Adlerian concept refers to the imagined final aim guiding behavior?
• What is Freud's theory's main contribution?
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to adolescence and involves striving for identity, forming personal values, and experimenting with different lifestyles?
• Which statement best describes the focus of client-centered therapy?
• Which of the following is not a psychosexual stage?
• Which Freudian structure is associated with morals and perfection (the conscience)?
• Basic mistakes in Adlerian therapy refer to:
• Neurotic personality development results from which cause?
• Stress-inoculation is best described as:
• Which statement best describes interpretation in psychoanalysis?
• What does ‘positive addiction’ refer to in reality therapy?
• Which of the following is listed as a limitation of Freud's theory in the material?
• In behavior theory, which of the following describes the client's role?
• Reality theory assumes that we are in charge of our lives and choose forms of behavior, which are directed toward what primary goals?
• Which Erikson stage applies to elementary and middle years, emphasizing competence through accomplishments and interaction with school and neighborhood?
• In Adlerian therapy, responsibility for change is placed on which party?
• In Adlerian theory, the lifestyle assessment primarily explores birth order and interaction.
• Existential therapy emphasizes core human concerns such as:
• Which element is described as the conscience, representing morals and ideals?
• What is the main goal of behavior theory as described?
• Self-worth in identity is best described as which?
• The description of total behavior suggests it is primarily what?
• In psychoanalytic therapy, which phenomenon involves the client transferring feelings about earlier significant people onto the therapist?
• What is a limitation of Adler's theory?
• In Gestalt terms, what does the 'phobic layer' describe?
• Which statement best describes the aim of psychoanalytic therapy?
• Which statement best reflects the core assumption of person-centered therapy regarding clients?
• Which individuals are commonly associated with existential therapy?
• Which limitation indicates that Freud's theory does not consider social, cultural, and interpersonal variables?
• Self-actualization in person-centered therapy is best described as:
• Which of the following constitutes the three core counselor qualities in person-centered therapy?
• Therapeutic collaboration refers to:
• In Gestalt terms, projection refers to disowning parts of ourselves and blaming them on the environment.
• Life style in Adlerian theory is defined as:
• Which statement about musturbation and personalization is true?
• Disputational method in CBT is used to help clients?
• Which core condition involves accepting the client without judgment?
• Which statement best describes a characteristic of reality therapy as described in the text?
• In Gestalt therapy, 'personal power' refers to which of the following?
• Transference occurs when a client directs feelings toward the therapist that are really tied to other people.
• Which term describes a long-standing pattern of behavior that disrupts functioning and is deviant from cultural expectations?
• Which statement best captures a contribution of behavior theory?
• What does ‘painful behaviors’ refer to in reality therapy?
• Reality theory does not dwell on which aspects?
• Gestalt theory stresses which of the following?
• Counterconditioning involves what?
• In Adlerian theory, lifestyle refers to which concept?
• In Gestalt therapy, what does the term 'confluence' describe?
• Which technique involves teaching by demonstration and imitation?
• In Gestalt therapy, which term describes the experiential deadlock or stagnation stage?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a technique used with behavior theory?
• What is the 'implosive level' in Gestalt therapy?
• How is ‘responsibility’ defined in reality therapy?
• In Gestalt therapy, what does 'dichotomy/polarity' refer to?
• Which statement best describes the counselor's contribution in reality theory?
• Existential therapy is least suited for which scenario?
• What is meant by the ‘picture album’ concept in reality theory?
• Which statement best describes a limitation of reality theory?
• Which statement best describes a limitation of Gestalt therapy?
• Which Erikson stage occurs in later life and questions whether one has led a satisfactory life?
• Which phase involves creating a new internal system through substitution?
• In Gestalt terminology, what is 'aboutism'?
• Musturbation refers to which belief?
• In behavior therapy, clients are encouraged to verbalize consequences to clarify outcomes. True or false?
• The mediator between instinctual impulses and reality in Freudian theory is the
• Which statement best describes the applicability of behavior theory to diverse cultures?
• Which concept is associated with the pleasure principle?
• Systematic desensitization involves...
• In WDEP, what does the ‘Doing’ component focus on?
• Countertransference is best described as
• Which statement best describes a contribution of person-centered therapy?
• Which term describes the blurring of the boundary between self and environment?
• Which statement best captures the relationship between love, self-worth, and life satisfaction within identity?
• In psychoanalytic theory, psychopathology is described as the result of which?
• Which term describes the process of reinforcing and selecting new behaviors to replace old ones?
• Nondirective counseling in client-centered therapy means the client:
• In reality therapy, what does involvement refer to?
• In existential therapy, the client is viewed as:
• Which theorist is NOT typically associated with cognitive-behavior therapy?
• Contingency contracting is defined as?
• Which statement best describes the role of unfinished business in Gestalt theory?
• What is free association in psychoanalytic therapy?
• Total behavior primarily influences which?
• Which Freudian structure mediates between the id and reality?
• In person-centered therapy, what is the counselor's role?
• In WDEP, what is the purpose of ‘Planning and Commitment’?
• Collaborative empiricism describes which process?
• Which is a limitation of CBT?
• Arbitrary inferences refer to which concept?
• In psychoanalytic therapy, analysis and interpretation focus on which phenomena?
• Dream analysis in psychoanalysis involves which practice?
• Projection involves attributing to others the qualities that are unacceptable in oneself.
• In reality theory, the CLR role is best described as which?
• Which theorist founded multimodal therapy?
• In Adlerian therapy, what is the main goal?
• Which statement accurately describes the role of the environment in behavior therapy's success?
• A primary goal of existential therapy is to help clients become aware that they are free to expand this awareness to increase options, accept responsibility for their choices, and become all they are capable of being.
• Which statement about identity is true?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a goal of Gestalt therapy?
• Who is the founder of person-centered therapy?
• Who founded reality theory?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of Perls' five layers of neurosis?
• Paradoxical intention involves which technique?
• Perls defined anxiety as which of the following?
• What best describes total behavior?
• What does WDEP stand for in reality therapy?
• Gestalt therapy has been described as usable in which settings?
• In Gestalt therapy, retroflection is best described as turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to others.
• In WDEP, what does the ‘Evaluation’ component assess?
• Which describes a limitation of behavior theory?
• What is the primary goal of person-centered therapy?
• Which components are described as part of a healthy identity in the material?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three core conditions for the client-centered therapist?
• What is the main tool of Adlerian theory?
• Perls describes five layers of neurosis. Which of the following is NOT one of these layers?
• Which statement best summarizes reality theory's view of behavior?
• Which statement best describes Adlerian therapy's overall orientation?
• Which scenario may present a limitation for person-centered therapy?
• Reality theory attempts to explain why and how people behave from which perspective?
• A potential limitation of person-centered therapy is that the counselor may:
• Which limitation states that the importance of action is not realized?
• What model forms the basis of Rational-Emotive Therapy?
• Which statement best captures the contributions of existential therapy?
• In Gestalt therapy, what term describes the discrepancy between a person's self-concept and their ideal self-concept, often accompanied by anxiety?
• What term describes 'the person we have become'?
• Which Erikson stage occurs roughly from 2 1/2 to 5 years and involves imagination and learning to perform adult roles while recognizing restraints are necessary?
• Reality theory does not take into consideration the process of transference.
• Who founded rational-emotive therapy?
• Which practice is used in Gestalt therapy to increase awareness of the unconscious?
• Self-actualization in Gestalt therapy is defined as the development of one's potential and the basis of people being trusted to resolve their own problems in a therapeutic relationship. Which option best captures this concept?
• Disputational method's purpose?
• Catching oneself in Adlerian therapy means the client:
• What is a primary focus of Gestalt therapy?
• Which Adlerian concept describes self-defeating beliefs that influence behavior?
• Which Adlerian concept refers to the unique pattern a person uses to cope with life and organize their behavior?
• Which term is most closely associated with the capacity to give and receive love, self-worth, and creating a satisfying life?
• Fictional finalism in Adlerian theory refers to:
• What is described by the 'phony layer' in Gestalt therapy?
• CBT is commonly used for which conditions?
• A commonly cited limitation of existential therapy is that it:
• Which statement best describes a commonly cited contribution of Gestalt therapy?
• Motivational modification in Adlerian therapy focuses on:
• In reality theory, the client is expected to do what regarding goals?
• Which Erikson stage is associated with maturity and guiding the next generation, while coming to terms with one's dreams and accomplishments?
• Who formulated social learning theory?
• Paradoxical intention in Adlerian therapy involves:
• Which statement best describes Adler's therapy contribution?
• Which statement best describes a primary goal or action under reality theory?
• Which option is NOT listed as a component of identity in the material?
• In cognitive-behavior therapy, clients typically explore reasons for behavior and the consequences.
• Collaborative empiricism in CBT means?
• Which trait is central to Gestalt theory's approach to therapy?
• Shame-attacking exercises are designed to:
• In Gestalt theory, which is identified as the most frequent cause of unfinished business?
• Which phase involves applying more effective coping skills to real life?
• Which limitation suggests Freud's theory cannot be used in crisis counseling?
• In reality theory, what does the ‘perceived world’ mean?
• What is the central premise of operant conditioning?
• Which limitation is described as Freud's theory not being measurable?
• An assumption of existential therapy is that individuals are:
• Which Erikson stage emphasizes forming intimate relationships in adulthood?
• Who proposed operant conditioning?
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to birth to 18 months and focuses on whether the child's nourishment and care needs are met?
• Which statement describes the strength to create a satisfying life?
• What term refers to the sum of all activities forming personality?
• Which term describes reacting to others in stereotypical and inauthentic ways, playing games?
• Which statement is NOT a limitation of reality theory?
• In Meichenbaum's cognitive-behavioral phases, which phase involves monitoring behavior and thoughts?
• A key concept of Rational-Emotive Therapy is that emotional disturbance originates from what?
• In Gestalt theory, what does 'introjection' refer to?
• In psychoanalytic theory, fixation at an early stage of development can lead to which type of personality development?
• Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes reconstructing the personality by focusing on what aspects?
• Symbiosis refers to which description?
• In Gestalt therapy, which approach best captures the therapist's stance toward the client?
• Which of the following is a commonly cited limitation of existential therapy?
• Which group of theorists is commonly associated with cognitive-behavior therapy?
• Which of the following is NOT one of reality theory's four needs?
• Multimodal therapy is best described as...
• Which of the following is a goal of Gestalt therapy?
• A key contribution of existential therapy is:
• Technical eclecticism in counseling is defined as...
• What are the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?
• Identity includes which of the following components?
• Which set of techniques can be used with behavior theory?
• What is a primary goal of reality therapy?
• What does the 'explosive layer' refer to in Gestalt therapy?
• Which Erikson stage occurs in young adulthood and focuses on openness about self and commitment to a close personal relationship?
• Congruence in client-centered therapy refers to the therapist:
• Which Erikson stage corresponds to 18 to 30 months and centers on developing some level of independence?
• Which theorists are associated with psychoanalytic theory?
• In social learning theory, what factor is essential to understanding behavior?
• Selective abstraction is best described as:
• Humanistic psychology emphasizes which of the following?
• Reality theory aligns with control theory and posits that behavior is driven by which of the following?
• In Adlerian therapy, the therapist's role is best described as
• Reality theory identifies four psychological needs that drive us. Which are they?
• Existential therapy is best described as: